The proton conductivity of the membrane was lowered slightly from that of pristine Nafion ® membrane. The methanol permeability of the composite membrane decreased with the increasing of m-MMT content. The performance of the Nafion ®/ m-MMT composite membranes for direct methanol fuel cell (DMFCs) was evaluated in terms of water uptake, ion exchange capacity (IEC), methanol permeability, proton conductivity, and cell performance. Sufficient interaction of the modified MMT with Nafion ® was studied by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS). The modified MMT was utilized to improve the compatibility with Nafion ®. Various spatially enlarged organoclays were prepared by using poly(oxyproplene)-backboned quaternary ammonium salts of various molecular weights M w 230, 4 as the intercalating agents for Na +-montmorillonite.
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